What Are the Causes of Miscarriage During Early Pregnancy That You Must Know?

Facing a miscarriage is one of the most heartbreaking experiences an expectant mother can go through. Understanding the causes of miscarriage during early pregnancy can provide much-needed clarity during such a challenging time. While the loss is deeply emotional, early pregnancy loss is more common than most people realize, and many times, it happens due to factors beyond our control. In this blog, we aim to offer insight into the causes, signs, and ways to cope, helping you navigate through this challenging journey with knowledge and support.

What Is Early Pregnancy Loss?

Early pregnancy loss, also known as miscarriage, refers to the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. Most miscarriages happen in the first trimester, or during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. This is often when the fetus is still developing and may not have formed properly.

Miscarriages that occur after the 12th week are referred to as late miscarriages, while those that happen earlier are considered early miscarriages.

The causes of early miscarriage in pregnancy are often linked to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, which can prevent it from developing properly. This type of miscarriage is usually a random event and cannot be prevented. While the risk of miscarriage can increase with certain factors, such as maternal age or health conditions, most early miscarriages are beyond anyone's control.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Early Pregnancy Loss 

Miscarriage is more common than many people realize. In fact, approximately 10–20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, with most of these losses occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy. According to a study, the majority of these early miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, which are typically random events beyond anyone's control.

The risk of miscarriage increases with maternal age, especially after 35. By age 40, the chance of miscarriage can rise to about 40%, and by age 45, it can reach up to 80%, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

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Certain factors, such as health conditions (like diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome) and lifestyle choices, may increase the risk of miscarriage. Recurrent miscarriages, defined as two or more consecutive losses, can sometimes indicate underlying issues.

Common Causes of Miscarriage During Early Pregnancy 

Miscarriage during early pregnancy can be a devastating experience, but understanding the possible causes can help provide clarity and peace of mind. While many early miscarriages are caused by factors beyond one's control, knowing the potential reasons can also help reduce anxiety and encourage proactive prenatal care. Below, we explore the most common causes of miscarriage during early pregnancy, shedding light on each factor and how it impacts pregnancy.

1. Chromosomal Abnormalities

The most common cause of miscarriage during early pregnancy is chromosomal abnormalities. These occur when the embryo has an incorrect number of chromosomes, which prevents it from developing properly. This is a random event, and it is not something that can be predicted or prevented.

In fact, studies show that chromosomal abnormalities are responsible for 50-70% of first-trimester miscarriages.

2. Maternal Health Conditions

Certain health conditions can increase the risk of miscarriage during early pregnancy. Conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune diseases affect hormonal balance and pregnancy outcomes.

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Regular management of these conditions through prenatal care can lower the risks associated with maternal health problems.

3. Uterine and Cervical Abnormalities

Structural issues with the womb (uterus) and cervix can also contribute to miscarriage. Some women may have congenital or acquired conditions that affect the uterus, making it difficult for the pregnancy to develop or stay in place.

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These conditions may require medical intervention, such as surgery or a cervical cerclage, to support a healthy pregnancy.

4. Infections

Certain infections can increase the risk of miscarriage during early pregnancy. These infections can affect the placenta, leading to pregnancy complications or loss.

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By practicing good hygiene and avoiding risky foods or exposures, expectant mothers can reduce their chances of infection.

5. Lifestyle Factors

Some lifestyle choices can contribute to an increased risk of miscarriage. Habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and consuming excessive caffeine have been linked to higher miscarriage rates.

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Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, and limiting caffeine intake can help reduce the risk of miscarriage and chemical pregnancy.

6. Environmental Exposures

Exposure to environmental toxins can also cause miscarriage or pregnancy complications. These toxins can be found in everyday products, the workplace, or the environment.

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Reducing exposure to these environmental hazards, where possible, can help improve the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy.

Miscarriage Myths & the Truth You Must Know

Miscarriage is already a difficult experience, and when myths surround it, it can make the journey even more confusing. Let's clear up some common misunderstandings and provide you with the truth to help ease your mind.

1. Stress or Emotional Trauma Causes Miscarriage

It's natural to wonder if emotional stress may have caused a miscarriage, especially during a challenging time. However, stress and emotional trauma do not directly cause pregnancy loss. Miscarriages in the first trimester are typically due to genetic factors or other health conditions. It's common to feel guilty, but most pregnancy losses happen for reasons beyond your control.

2. Exercise or Sexual Activity Leads to Miscarriage

Another myth is that exercising too hard or having sex during early pregnancy can cause a miscarriage. In reality, exercise during pregnancy and sexual activity are generally safe in a healthy pregnancy. Unless otherwise advised by your doctor due to recurrent pregnancy loss or specific complications, these activities do not increase the risk of miscarriage.

3. Previous Contraceptive Use Affects Future Pregnancies

A common concern is whether previous contraceptive use can affect your future pregnancy. The answer is no. Using contraception in the past won't increase your risk of miscarriage. After stopping birth control, your body generally returns to its natural fertility cycle, allowing you to get pregnant as usual.

Recognizing the Signs of Miscarriage and What to Do

If you suspect that a miscarriage may be occurring, it's important to recognize the symptoms and seek medical attention promptly. Early identification can help guide next steps and ensure your health is properly managed.

1. Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting

One of the most common symptoms of miscarriage is vaginal bleeding or spotting, which may vary in intensity. While light spotting can sometimes be normal, heavier bleeding similar to a period or beyond should be evaluated immediately.

2. Abdominal Cramps or Pain

Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen, similar to menstrual cramps, is common during early pregnancy. However, if the cramps are severe or persistent, they could indicate a miscarriage is in progress.

3. Passing Tissue or Clots

Passing pregnancy tissue or clots is another sign that a miscarriage may be happening. This is often accompanied by heavy bleeding and should be monitored closely.

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially heavy bleeding, severe cramps, or passing pregnancy tissue, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider immediately. Early medical intervention is key in ensuring proper care, whether the pregnancy is continuing or a spontaneous abortion is happening.

Healing After Miscarriage: Finding Support

Coping with the loss of a pregnancy can feel overwhelming, and it's important to give yourself grace during this difficult time. Finding emotional support and resources can make a world of difference in your healing journey.

1. Seek Emotional Support

Reach out to your loved ones for comfort and understanding. Talking to someone who cares can help you process your emotions.

2. Consider Counseling or Support Groups

Many people find that joining a support group or seeking professional counseling helps them navigate the grief of losing a pregnancy. Connecting with others who have gone through similar experiences can be incredibly healing and offer valuable emotional support during this difficult time.

3. Reassurance for Future Pregnancies

Experiencing a miscarriage does not affect your ability to have a healthy pregnancy in the future. Many women go on to have successful pregnancies after a miscarriage. Trust that this loss doesn't define your future chances.

How to Minimize the Risk of Miscarriage in Future Pregnancies

While some factors behind miscarriage are beyond your control, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of miscarriage in future pregnancies.

1. Managing Chronic Health Conditions

If you have any pre-existing health conditions, such as diabetes or thyroid disorders, make sure they are well-managed with the help of your doctor. Uncontrolled health conditions may increase the risk of miscarriage.

2. Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle

Adopting a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances like smoking, alcohol, or excessive caffeine can help reduce your risk of miscarriage and promote overall health during pregnancy. Making healthy lifestyle choices supports both maternal well-being and the healthy development of the fetus.

3. Regular Prenatal Care and Screenings

Regular check-ups and screenings during pregnancy are essential. Prenatal care helps monitor the health of both mother and baby, and screenings can detect any early issues that might lead to miscarriage or other complications. Be proactive about your pregnancy care to increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can stress cause a miscarriage?

No, stress alone does not cause a miscarriage. While stress can make the emotional experience harder, most miscarriages are due to genetic factors or health conditions. The risk of having a miscarriage is not increased by stress, though managing stress is still important for overall well-being.

Is it safe to try to conceive immediately after a miscarriage?

Doctors generally recommend waiting a few weeks before trying to get pregnant again. It's important to give your body time to heal both physically and emotionally. The ideal timing can vary depending on your health, so it's always best to discuss your next pregnancy with your healthcare provider. Taking the time to heal properly can also help reduce the risk of miscarriage in the future.

How can I support someone who has experienced a miscarriage?

Support is vital. Here are a few tips:

Can having a miscarriage increase the risk of another miscarriage?

One miscarriage doesn't automatically increase the risk of another miscarriage. Most women who have a miscarriage early in pregnancy go on to have healthy pregnancies. If you've had multiple miscarriages (recurrent pregnancy loss), it's a good idea to consult a healthcare provider to identify any potential causes.

What is an ectopic pregnancy, and can it cause a miscarriage?

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It cannot survive and often leads to miscarriage. Ectopic pregnancies require immediate medical attention to avoid serious health risks for the mother. If you experience sharp abdominal pain or bleeding, seek help right away.

Healing and Support: Every Step of the Way

Experiencing a miscarriage can leave you feeling emotionally and physically drained, but understanding the symptoms and causes of miscarriage can be an important step toward healing. Whether the loss was due to chromosomal abnormalities, underlying health conditions, or other risk factors for miscarriage, it's essential to remember that many pregnancies face challenges that are beyond anyone's control.

At Holistic Birthing Center NYC, we are here to walk alongside you with compassion and care, providing expert guidance every step of the way. Our midwives and healthcare professionals offer a holistic approach to support your well-being and help you heal, whether you are navigating the loss of a pregnancy or preparing for a future one.

Reach out today to schedule a consultation. We're here to support your journey and ensure your future pregnancies are cared for with compassion and expertise.